Models of sapling mortality as a function of growth to characterize interspecific variation in shade tolerance of eight tree species of northwestern British Columbia

نویسندگان

  • Richard K. Kobe
  • Dave Coates
چکیده

We have developed models of sapling mortality for the eight dominant tree species of northwestern British Columbia in order to better understand forest community dynamics and succession in this important forest region. The species-specific models characterize an individual’s probability of mortality as a function of recent growth (a surrogate for whole-plant carbon balance). Interspecific comparisons of survival under low growth rates (i.e., suppression) provide a quantitative measure of the effective shade tolerance of these tree species. In particular, the more shade tolerant species exhibited more rapid decays in mortality probability with increased radial growth. The broad and continuous range in shade tolerance ranking was as follows: Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don > Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. = Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. > Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière > Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. > Populus tremuloides Michx. > Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Brayshaw = Betula papyrifera Marsh. At low growth rates, mortality varied between T. plicata and B. papyrifera by more than an order of magnitude. For some species, the three replicate sites exhibited significant variation, suggesting that shade tolerance may vary with site conditions (presumably soil moisture in our study sites). The mortality models are consistent with previous qualitative categorizations into shade tolerance classes and parallel the dominance of different species in postdisturbance succession. Our results suggest that species differences in noncatastrophic mortality are critical to understanding and predicting forest dynamics. Résumé : Les auteurs ont élaboré des modèles de mortalité des semis de huit espèces arborescentes dominantes du nord-ouest de la Colombie-Britannique en vue de mieux comprendre la dynamique des communautés forestières et la succession dans cette importante région forestière. Les modèles spécifiques caractérisent la probabilité individuelle de mortalité en fonction de la croissance récente qui remplace le bilan du carbone de la plante entière. Les comparaisons interspécifiques de survie à de faibles taux de croissance (c.-à-d., suppression) fournissent une mesure quantitative de la tolérance effective à l’ombre de ces espèces. En particulier, les espèces plus tolérantes présentaient une décroissance plus rapide de la mortalité avec une augmentation de la croissance radiale. La gamme large et continue de tolérance relative à l’ombre était la suivante : Thuja plicata Donn ex D. Don > Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg. = Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. > Picea glauca (Moench) Voss × Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière > Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm. > Populus tremuloides Michx. > Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & A. Gray) Brayshaw = Betula papyrifera Marsh. À de faibles taux de croissance, la mortalité de T. plicata et B. papyrifera différait de plus d’un ordre de grandeur. Pour certaines espèces, les trois sites utilisés comme répétitions montraient des variations significatives, suggérant que la tolérance à l’ombre peut varier selon les conditions de stations; présumément à cause de l’humidité du sol sur les stations étudiées. Les modèles de mortalité sont cohérents avec les classifications qualitatives antérieures de tolérance à l’ombre et correspondent à la dominance des différentes espèces au cours de la succession après une perturbation. Les résultats font ressortir la nécessité de connaître les différences interspécifiques dans le cas de la mortalité qui ne découle pas d’une catastrophe pour comprendre et prédire la dynamique forestière. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 1998